Principles of GNSS, inertial, and multi-sensor integrated navigation systems

This is a long-overdue volume dedicated to space trajectory optimization. Interest in the subject has grown, as space missions of increasing levels of sophistication, complexity, and scientific return - hardly imaginable in the 1960s - have been designed and flown. Although the basic tools of optimization theory remain an accepted canon, there has been a revolution in the manner in which they are applied and in the development of numerical optimization. This volume purposely includes a variety of both analytical and numerical approaches to trajectory optimization. The choice of authors has been guided by the editor's intention to assemble the most expert and active researchers in the various specialties presented. The authors were given considerable freedom to choose their subjects, and although this may yield a somewhat eclectic volume, it also yields chapters written with palpable enthusiasm and relevant to contemporary problems What is Navigation? -- Inertial Navigation -- Radio and Satellite Navigation -- Feature Matching -- The Complete Navigation System -- Navigation Mathematics -- Coordinate Frames, Kenematics, and the Earth -- Coordinate Frames -- Kinematics -- Earth Surface and Gravity Models -- Frame Transformations -- The Kalman Filter -- Introduction -- Algorithms and Models -- Implementation Issues -- Extensions to the Kalman Filter -- Navigation Systems -- Inertial Sensors -- Acceleromoters -- Gyroscopes -- Inertial Measurement Units -- Error Characteristics -- Inertial Navigation -- Inertial-Frame Navigation Equations -- Earth-Frame Navigation Equations -- Local-Navigation-Frame Navigation Equations -- Navigations Equations Precision -- Initialization and Alignment -- INS Error Propagation -- Platform INS -- Horizontal-Plane Inertial Navigation -- Satellite Navigation Systems -- Fundamentals of Satellite Navigation -- Global Positioning System -- GLONASS -- Galileo -- Regional Navigation Systems -- GNSS Interoperability -- Satellite Navigation Processing, Errors, and Geometry -- Satellite Navigation Geometry -- Receiver Hardware and Antenna -- Ranging Processor -- Range Error Sources -- Navigation Processor -- Advanced Satellite Navigation -- Differential GNSS -- Carrier-Phase Positioning and Attitude -- Poor Signal-to-Noise Environments -- Multipath Mitigation -- Signal Monitoring -- Semi-Codeless Tracking -- Terrestrial Radio Navigation -- Point-Source Systems -- Loran -- Instrument Landing System -- Urban and Indoor Positioning -- Relative Navigation -- Tracking -- Sonar Transponders -- Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- Height and Depth Measurement -- Odometers -- Pedestrian Dead Reckoning -- Doppler Radar and Sonar -- Other Dead-Reckoning Techniques -- Feature Matching -- Terrain-Referenced Navigation -- Image Matching -- Map Matching -- Other Feature-Matching Techniques -- Integrated Navigation -- INS/GNSS Integration -- Integration Architectures -- System Model and State Selection -- Measurement Models -- Advanced INS/GNSS Integration -- INS Alignment and Zero Velocity Updates -- Transfer Alignment -- Quasi-Stationary Alignment with Unknown Heading -- Quasi-Stationary Fine Alignment and Zero Velocity Updates -- Multisensor Integrated Navigation -- Integration Architectures -- Terestrial Radio Navigation -- Dead Reckoning, Attitude, and Height Measurement -- Feature Mapping -- Fault Detection and Integrity Monitoring -- Failure Modes -- Range Checks -- Kalman Filter Measurement Innovations -- Direct Consistency Checks -- Certified Integrity Monitoring -- Vectors and Matrices -- Introduction to Vectors -- Introduction to Matrices -- Special Matrix Types -- Matrix Inversion -- Calculus -- Statistical Measures -- Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation -- Probability Density Function -- Gaussian Distribution -- Chi-Square Distribution